Li ks, ThiaN-tioh chit-e siau-sit, chin hoaN-hi. Ki-tiong "sou-u e chu-liau choan-pou phah cho tian-nau-ko chiuN-bang", na-chhiuN e-tang sit-hian lan chiaN che lang tng-ku i-lai e ng-bang. M-koh che na chhiuN m-si hiah kan-tan e khang-khoe. Si m-si hong-pian ka li-e ke-oe-su kong-pou ti bang-lou hou tak-ke chham-kho?

Lou-lat.

Lip-bun

----- Original Message ----- 
From: lihc 
To:  
Sent: Sunday, May 27, 2001 11:48 PM
Subject: Teng-kiu choan-jim chou-li


Tak-ke peng-an:
Cheng chit-cham, lan u leh tho-lun POJ chu-liau siu-chip e bun-toe, taN goa i-keng hiong Kok-lip Bun-chu-tiong-sim sin-chheng tioh chit e ke-oe, miakio âTai-oan POJ bun-hak chu-liau e siu-chip kah cheng-liâ, in si Bun-hak-koan, soi-i ai cho chit-lui e ke-oe, tan-si goa ti ke-oe-su sia kah chin chheng-chho: bun-hak i-goa e POJ chu-liau oan-na chong siu, u chhehbe2 chheh, bo chheh iong iaN-in--e, sou-u e chu-liau choan pou phah cho tian-nau-ko chiuN-bang, goa tek-piak kiong-tiau: chiong kok-lip Tai-oan bun-hak-koan pian chiaN âse-kai POJ tiong-simâ, chiong-lai chin chit-pou pian-chip, chhut-pan âTai-oan POJ bun-hak-tai7-he7â.

Chit e ke-oe e gian-kiu jin-oan kui-teng be-sai chhiau-koe 4-e, in-ui si-kan chin-pek, su-iau khah choe e chou-li, sou-i, goa chun-pi ti liau goa chit-e chu-chhi-jin i-goa chhun--e 3-e, long chhiaN3 choan-jim e chou-li. Bok-chian Le-soat i-keng tap-eng beh lai tau-saN-kang,  

ti chia ia-koh beh pai-thok bang-lou e hiaN che tau siau-kai tai-hak ia-si gian-kiu-sou pi-giap, tui POJ chin sek e peng-iu kok 1 ui lai chham-ka chit e ke-oe, goeh-kip si: tai-hak 27200, gian-kiu-sou 31100.

I-siong.

Li Heng-chhiong
----- Original Message ----- 
å¯ä»¶è
: Wi-vun Taiffalo Chiung 
æ¶ä»¶è
:  
å³éæ¥æ: 2001å¹´4æ25æO͘ AM 10:57
主æ¨: iukoan Taigi e /p t k/ kap Enggi e /b d g/ e bunte 


     
iukoan Taigi e /p t k/ khah seng Enggi e /p t k/ iah-si /b d g/ e bunte, ebin si goa iong tian-nau chhek-niu e kiat-ko. hou tak-ke chham-kho. ebine soat-beng si sang hou gian-tho-hoe e tiah-iau, sou-i u khah te sio-khoa.
     
--Uibun
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

Taiffalo's Eco-linguistics of Society
<http://ling.uta.edu/~taiffalo/>

Language and Nationalism in Asia
<http://home.kimo.com.tw/de-han/>

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
     
Is Taiwanese bi Really the Same as English bee?

     

Taiwanese voiced stop consonants /b/ (e.g. biç±³) and /g/ (e.g. gaie̍n̄) are phonologically classified as the same category as /b/ (bee) and/g/ (guy) in English, as listed in table 1. However, many Taiwanese learners of English perceive English /b d g/ as Taiwanese /p t k/. Consequently, there are two crucial different romanization schemes for transliterating the Taiwanese: 1) use roman letters b d g to represent /p t k/, and p t k to represent /ph th kh/. 2) use b g to represent /b g/, and p t k to represent/p t k/. This paper intend to answer why English stop consonants are perceived differently by different Taiwanese speakers in terms of Voice Onset Time (VOT).    

The measurements of VOT in Taiwanese were conducted with a 28-year-old male Taiwanese speaker by using the software Signalyze. All Taiwanese stop consonants in table 1 were recorded and measured in the syllable structure of CV with 5 repetitions. The results of measurement were listed in table 2. The data of VOT in English is adopted from Lisker and Abramson (1964) forcomparison here.

The results reveal three findings. First, unlike English, there are twoVOT ranges in Taiwanese voiceless stop consonants, which make distinction between aspirated and un-aspirated. Second, although segments such as /b/ are supposed to be the same phoneme in Taiwanese and English, they are phonetically not comparable to each other because they have different VOT ranges. Third, an overlap of VOT between English /b d g/and Taiwanese /p t k/ occurred and this phenomenon may cause misleading perceptions on consonants when Taiwanese speakers learn English.

Table 1. Stop consonants in Taiwanese and English.



Table 2. Voice Onset Time in Msec: Taiwanese



Table 3. Voice Onset Time in Msec: English




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<DIV><FONT size=2>Li ks,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>ThiaN-tioh chit-e siau-sit, chin hoaN-hi. </DIV>
<DIV>Ki-tiong "sou-u e chu-liau choan-pou phah cho tian-nau-ko chiuN-bang", 
na-chhiuN e-tang sit-hian lan chiaN che lang tng-ku i-lai e ng-bang.</DIV>
<DIV>M-koh che na chhiuN m-si hiah kan-tan e khang-khoe.</DIV>
<DIV>Si m-si hong-pian ka li-e ke-oe-su kong-pou ti bang-lou hou tak-ke 
chham-kho?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Lou-lat.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Lip-bun</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt æ°ç´°æé«">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV 
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt æ°ç´°æé«; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> 
<A href="[mailto:"](<https://web.archive.org/web/20060105034646/mailto:">); title=>lihc</A> 
</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt æ°ç´°æé«"><B>To:</B> <A href="[mailto:"](<https://web.archive.org/web/20060105034646/mailto:">); 
title=></A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt æ°ç´°æé«"><B>Sent:</B> Sunday, May27, 2001 11:48 PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt æ°ç´°æé«"><B>Subject:</B> Teng-kiuchoan-jim chou-li</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial>Tak-ke peng-an:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=#000080 face=æ¨æ¥·é«><FONT color=#000000></FONT>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: æ¨æ¥·é«">Cheng 
chit-</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-NZ 
style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: æ¨æ¥·é«; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ">cham, 
lan u leh tho-lun POJ chu-liau siu-chip e bun-toe, taN goa i-keng hiong 
Kok-lip Bun-chu-tiong-sim sin-chheng tioh chit e ke-oe, mia kio âTai-oan POJ 
bun-hak chu-liau e siu-chip kah cheng-liâ, in si Bun-hak-koan, soi-iai cho 
chit-lui e ke-oe, tan-si goa ti ke-oe-su sia kah chin chheng-chho: bun-hak 
i-goa e POJ chu-liau oan-na chong siu, u chheh be2 chheh, bo chheh iong 
iaN-in--e, sou-u e chu-liau choan pou phah cho tian-nau-ko chiuN-bang, goa 
tek-piak kiong-tiau: chiong kok-lip Tai-oan bun-hak-koan pian chiaN âse-kai 
POJ tiong-simâ, chiong-lai chin chit-pou pian-chip, chhut-pan âTai-oan POJ 
bun-hak-tai7-he7â.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-NZ 
style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: æ¨æ¥·é«; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ">Chit 
e ke-oe e gian-kiu jin-oan kui-teng be-sai chhiau-koe 4-e, in-ui si-kan 
chin-pek, su-iau khah choe e chou-li, sou-i, goa chun-pi ti liau goa chit-e 
chu-chhi-jin<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>i-goa chhun--e 3-e, 
long chhiaN3 choan-jim e chou-li. Bok-chian Le-soat i-keng tap-eng beh lai 
tau-saN-kang,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; 
</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-NZ 
style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: æ¨æ¥·é«; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ">ti 
chia ia-koh beh pai-thok bang-lou e hiaN che tau siau-kai tai-hak ia-si 
gian-kiu-sou pi-giap, tui POJ chin sek e peng-iu kok 1 ui lai chham-ka chit e 
ke-oe,<SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp; </SPAN>goeh-kip si: tai-hak 
27200, gian-kiu-sou 31100.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN lang=EN-NZ 
style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: æ¨æ¥·é«; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-NZ 
style="COLOR: windowtext; FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: æ¨æ¥·é«; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ">I-siong.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P><SPAN 
lang=EN-NZ 
style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: æ°ç´°æé«; mso-ansi-language: EN-NZ; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-TW; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT 
color=#000000>Li Heng-chhiong</FONT></SPAN></FONT></DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr 
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000080 2px solid; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt æ°ç´°æé«">----- Original Message----- </DIV>
<DIV 
style="BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; FONT: 10pt æ°ç´°æé«; font-color: black"><B>å¯ä»¶è
:</B> 
<A href="[mailto:"](<https://web.archive.org/web/20060105034646/mailto:">); title=>Wi-vun 
Taiffalo Chiung</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt æ°ç´°æé«"><B>æ¶ä»¶è
:</B> <A href="[mailto:"](<https://web.archive.org/web/20060105034646/mailto:">); 
title=></A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt æ°ç´°æé«"><B>å³éæ¥æ:</B> 2001å¹´4æ25æO͘ AM 10:57</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt æ°ç´°æé«"><B>主æ¨:</B> iukoan Taigi e /p t k/ kap Enggi e 
/b d g/ e bunte </DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>iukoan Taigi e /p t k/ khahseng 
Enggi e /p t k/ iah-si /b d g/ e bunte, ebin si goa iong tian-nau chhek-niu 
e kiat-ko. hou tak-ke chham-kho. ebin e soat-beng si sang hou gian-tho-hoe e 
tiah-iau, sou-i u khah te sio-khoa.</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>--Uibun</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT 
face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>Taiffalo's Eco-linguistics of 
Society<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; <A 
href="<http://ling.uta.edu/~taiffalo/">;><http://ling.uta.edu/~taiffalo/></A></STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>Language and Nationalism in 
Asia<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp; <A 
href="<http://home.kimo.com.tw/de-han/">;><http://home.kimo.com.tw/de-han/></A></STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT 
face="Times New Roman"><STRONG>@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</DIV>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><STRONG>Is Taiwanese <I>bi</I> Really the Same as English 
<I>bee</I>?</STRONG></SPAN></P>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><B><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></B>&nbsp;</P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph"><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>Taiwanese voiced stop consonants /b/ (e.g. <I>bi</I></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: æ°ç´°æé«; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">ç±³</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>) and /g/ (e.g. <I>gai</I></SPAN><SPAN 
style="FONT-FAMILY: æ°ç´°æé«; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">e̍n̄</SPAN><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>) are phonologically classified as the same category as /b/ 
(<I>bee</I>) and /g/ (<I>guy</I>) in English, as listed in table 1. However, 
many Taiwanese learners of English perceive English /b d g/ as Taiwanese /p 
t k/. Consequently, there are two crucial different romanization schemes for 
transliterating the Taiwanese: 1) use roman letters <I>b d g</I> to 
represent /p t k/, and <I>p t k</I> to represent /p<SUP>h</SUP> 
t<SUP>h</SUP> k<SUP>h</SUP>/. 2) use <I>b g</I> to represent /b g/, and<I>p 
t k</I> to represent /p t k/. This paper intend to answer why English stop 
consonants are perceived differently by different Taiwanese speakers in 
terms of Voice Onset Time (VOT).<SPAN 
style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph"><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>The measurements of VOT in Taiwanese were conducted with a 
28-year-old male Taiwanese speaker by using the software Signalyze. All 
Taiwanese stop consonants in table 1 were recorded and measured in the 
syllable structure of CV with 5 repetitions. The results of measurementwere 
listed in table 2. The data of VOT in English is adopted from Lisker and 
Abramson (1964) for comparison here.</SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal 
style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-JUSTIFY: inter-ideograph"><SPAN 
lang=EN-US>The results reveal three findings. First, unlike English, there 
are two VOT ranges in Taiwanese voiceless stop consonants, which make 
distinction between aspirated and un-aspirated. Second, although segments 
such as /b/ are supposed to be the same phoneme in Taiwanese and English, 
they are phonetically not comparable to each other because they have 
different VOT ranges. Third, an overlap of VOT between English /b d g/and 
Taiwanese /p t k/ occurred and this phenomenon may cause misleading 
perceptions on consonants when Taiwanese speakers learn English.</SPAN></P>
<P align=center class=MsoCaption 
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN lang=EN-US>Table <SPAN 
style="mso-field-code: 'SEQ table \\* ARABIC'">1</SPAN>. Stop consonants in 
Taiwanese and English.</SPAN></P>
<P align=center class=MsoCaption 
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic"><IMG height=94 
src="[cid:000b01c0e6fa$0bb99ca0$"](<https://web.archive.org/web/20060105034646/cid:000b01c0e6fa$0bb99ca0$">); 
style="HEIGHT: 103px; WIDTH: 354px" width=348 
v:shapes="_x0000_i1025"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P align=center class=MsoCaption 
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">Table <SPAN 
style="mso-field-code: 'SEQ table \\* ARABIC'">2</SPAN>. Voice Onset Time in 
Msec: Taiwanese<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P align=center class=MsoCaption 
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic"><IMG height=66 
src="[cid:000c01c0e6fa$0bc13dc0$"](<https://web.archive.org/web/20060105034646/cid:000c01c0e6fa$0bc13dc0$">); 
style="HEIGHT: 73px; WIDTH: 524px" width=519 
v:shapes="_x0000_i1026"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P align=center class=MsoCaption 
style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN lang=EN-US 
style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">Table <SPAN 
style="mso-field-code: 'SEQ table \\* ARABIC'">3</SPAN>. Voice Onset Time in 
Msec: English<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P align=center class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><SPAN 
lang=EN-US><IMG height=65 
src="[cid:000d01c0e6fa$0bc13dc0$"](<https://web.archive.org/web/20060105034646/cid:000d01c0e6fa$0bc13dc0$">); 
style="HEIGHT: 71px; WIDTH: 517px" width=512 
v:shapes="_x0000_i1027"></SPAN></P></BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE></FONT><FONT 
face="Times New Roman"></FONT></BODY></HTML>

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